Information System Market

Data System Market To be effective in todays serious commercial center, associations need access to a business data framework that produce precise and focused on data about clients, markets and contenders. Data framework is a mix of individuals, equipment, programming, specialized gadgets, systems and information assets that forms information and data for a particular reason. The framework needs contributions from clients to process it utilizing innovation gadgets, for example, PCs to produces yield that will be sent to another client or other framework by means of a system and gets an input strategy that controls the activity. Data framework helps association forms and works its day by day works all the more precisely and without any problem. Most by far of data framework are created for and utilized by individuals in utilitarian zones To create data framework that tends to the necessities of the association, data framework the board experts must process a strong blend of business and specialized info rmation. Framework Theory: A framework is a sorted out assortment of subsystems that are exceptionally coordinated to achieve a general objective. The framework has different data sources, which experience certain procedures to create certain yields which together achieve the general wanted objective for the framework, Clark (1994). Frameworks extend from easy to complex. Complex frameworks are included various subsystems that are organized in progressions and incorporated to achieve the general objective of the framework. Every subsystem has its own limits of sorts and incorporates different sources of info, procedures, yields and results equipped to achieve a general objective for the subsystem. Complex frameworks typically cooperate with their surroundings and are along these lines open frameworks. An advanced framework ceaselessly trade criticism among its different parts to guarantee that they remain firmly adjusted and concentrated on accomplishing the objective of the framework. On the off chance that a ny of the parts or exercises in the framework appears to be debilitated or skewed, the framework causes vital changes in accordance with additional to adequately accomplish its objectives. Framework hypothesis assists chiefs with survey the associations from a more extensive viewpoint that incorporate structures, examples and occasions instead of simply the occasions themselves. This is what is known as framework suspecting which is utilized as an apparatus for framework examination. Popular Garments Ltd (TGL) is a mind boggling set of associated subsystems, for example, Accounting, Marketing, HRM, Design, Sales, Purchase and Warehousing, Manufacturing, coordinations and Dispatch that work cooperatively to achieve the associations objective which is assembling and selling different kinds of male and female pieces of clothing. TGL is an open framework that takes in assets and data from its condition, forms them in various ways and returns a scope of items to people and frameworks in its condition. It is exceptionally reliant on its condition for endurance. TGL framework attributes: Information: TGL take in money related assets mostly from selling its items. Another essential type of contribution for TGL framework is data, for example, statistical surveying information, political, business and clients needs and desires. Purchasing items from texture provider can be considered as a significant information. Procedure or throughput: In this association, the subsystems have specific capacities and their works incorporate a few procedures that are both unmistakable and related. For instance, the buy division and distribution center get contribution to the type of texture, through individual exertion and gathering works; they transform the texture into excellent articles of clothing. The showcasing division utilizes research information to make viable promotion with the expectation to produce income. Another significant kind of hierarchical throughput is crafted by planning individual and subsystems exertion toward the objective of creating yield. This work might be done through proper procedures, for example, staff gatherings, arranging and dynamic, correspondence between the divisions, examining and cooperating. Yield: The most clear yield of TGL association is assembling and selling female and male articles of clothing. Another yield is notice of TGLs items in the market. Presenting changes in the association dependent available needs is another significant yield. Condition: According to open framework hypothesis, TGL communicates with its condition in a mind boggling arrangement of interrelated circles, for example, people, expanded utilization of data framework by all business associations, change in clients needs and requests, change in business political standards and strategies, contenders, providers , contact with neighborhood, national and global retailers and entire merchants and development of the business. Their prosperity relies upon how well their qualities and conduct line up with their condition. Criticism: Completing the cycle, TGL gets input from its condition about its item and administrations in the types of offer figures, business surveys, development of business, increment in number of workers and promoting search. Singular subsystems may likewise get criticism from their quick surroundings inside the association. This data fills in as new information and turns out to be a piece of another cycle and conceivably shapes future activities. Objective: TGLs primary objective is to create the top quality pieces of clothing for male and female that addresses their issues and desire and has a very notable notoriety in the market. In every framework, the data stream between the framework and its subsystems ought to be clear and straightforward so as to play out its day by day work. There is constantly interrelated interchanges and incorporation between all subsystems in the association, Brynjolfssn Mendelson (1993). Supervisors can't take a gander at every division independently. They ought to perceive the different pieces of the association and specifically, the interrelations of the parts. For example, the coordination of the focal office with different divisions, correspondence between buying office and warehousing office, incorporation between buying office and assembling office, coordination between bookkeeping office and buying office, etc. This coordination happens additionally between the areas of every division. Along these lines, we can see that the contributions of one division can be a yield for another office and the other way around. PC Networking: It is the act of connecting at least two processing gadgets together to share information. Systems are worked with a blend of PC equipment and PC programming. Systems administration empowers individuals inside your business to work with one another and with others in different areas and different organizations. It empowers contact in altogether new manners and totally new levels over the workplaces and right the world over. PC systems permit the clients to get to remote projects and remote database both of a similar association or from different undertakings. It gives correspondence prospects quicker than different offices. Close to these reasons, PC systems lessen costs by sharing hard and programming assets. It likewise has high unwavering quality by having numerous wellspring of gracefully and having more prominent adaptability in light of probability to associate gadgets from different sellers. As a result of the significance of this innovation, choices of procurement, structure and activity of PC systems can't be left to specialized staff. The executives too has a basic requirement for understanding the innovation of PC organize. Great PC organize forestalls abandons in the framework and framework down constantly, is secure and forestalls programmers. PC systems fall into two fundamental sorts: customer/server systems and shared systems. A customer/server systems utilize at least one committed server to share the documents, printers and applications. Distributed systems permit any client to impart records to some other client and doesnt require a focal committed server. The most well-known systems are Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN) and Internet. Since TGL is a developing association, it is in extraordinary requirement for these systems to accomplish its objectives. TGL needs the two LANs and WANs. LAN associates offices in a similar territory together to share documents, deal with ventures, send moment back rubs and email kneads all the while. WANs interface different LANs together, generally over enormous separation. To systems everybody together, servers, switch, center switch, switches, fire divider and PCs are required. The most appropriate plan for TGL is customer/server arrange. The framework will be utilized by programming language associated information base. This is simpler to execute information, increasingly secure, proficient, tedious and cordial use for end clients. The program must be custom framework with the goal that it tends to be changed dependent on changes in condition of TGL and can be created when essential. The framework and information base in the server will be shared among customers and administrat or. Microsoft windows 2003 will be utilized for the server and Vista or XP for the customer. .net programming language furnished with SQL server 2005 is required. Subsequent to introducing the framework, make organize represents the clients (names, passwords). Passwords will be spared in information base. Clients ought to be in information base to utilize the framework. For security reason, sign in shows up each time the client open the framework. The menu contains every offices and it is neighborly use. Make territories on shared circle drives for clients to share information records and projects. Every division has its own information base and there is association between every office information base utilizing information base connection. Clients can include, erase and make search as per the associations strategy while executives approach everything in the framework and can play out all the related capacities. Topology alludes to the manner by which the system of the PCs is associated. Every topology is fit to explicit assignment and has its own points of interest and disservices. The decision of topology is needy u

Satire in How to Poison the Earth Essay -- Linnea Saukko

â€Å"How to harm the earth† by Linnea Saukko can be found in two distinct angles. The first would be by taking a gander at it in a strict manner, in which it will make it an extremely cruel, unfeeling and cold content. Then again, it could be viewed as a parody, wry and amusing content in which Saukko hopes to get the reader’s consideration. Saukko overstates the mockery, and parody in her writing so as to cause the perusers to acknowledge and comprehend the primary motivation behind her paper, which is to caution perusers about dangers to the eventual fate of our planet. Logical terms are utilized every now and again all through the content, however are trailed by clarifications in a sound manner, henceforth it makes it more clear and increasingly justifiable to the peruser. For instance, she is expounding on substances and their attributes, one of them is a strange term called â€Å"half-life†, trailed by a clarification in a bracket with a more clear clarification of the term. That way, it very well may be comprehended by the overall population. The composing is straight forward and it’s missing of allegories and analogies. It is more an instructive perusing instead of expressive, subsequently it is inadequate with regards to subtleties and descriptive words. Saukko begins by bringing up mockingly how troublesome dirtying the earth can be. Subsequently, she begins posting productive techniques on debasing the world, for example, â€Å"generating however much waste as could be expected from substances† (Saukko, 246), or constructing increasingly atomic plants. Toward the start, it may be stunning to the peruser the methodology she is taking to come to her meaningful conclusion. At the end of the day, the perusers probably won't comprehend why she has such a negative mentality and disdain against the world. The control, embellishment, and the wor... ...d for the overall population so as to bring social mindfulness up in forestalling dirtying the world. It is critical to raise social mindfulness on subjects of this nature since it is influencing our reality. It is essential to consider it as each individual issue and concern as opposed to consider it to be an outer issue. Saukko picked an entirely different methodology and strategy to get into people’s mind. Ordinarily, creators that need to call attention to and raise social mindfulness on issues of this nature, will in general be immediate and clear about it. In any case, Saukko has taken it to the following level by moving toward the perusers in an exceptional manner that will get a greater amount of their consideration and ideally move their feelings on the point. Works Cited Saukko , Linnea.â€Å"How to Poison the Earth.†The Brief Bedford Reader. Bedford/St.Martin’s Boston: ninth release ,2006.246-247.

Nonlinearity

Nonlinearity I wrote a letter to myself before coming to college that I promised not to read until I had graduated. Having unearthed it from beneath the small island of paper known as problem sets, tests, term papers, etc I decided to read it and see if my personal predictions and goals for my future had been achieved. Unfortunately, if i had to grade myself on level of success in achieving said goals, this probably would have been a failed test. However, with extra time over the summer and this semester to look back at my four years as a continuous system rather than a bunch of discrete points, while things dont make any more sense necessarily I see that I was able to carve out a path for myself that I feel very happy about, and if I could go back and do it all over again, Im not sure that Id purposefully try to do anything differently; however, I am also not sure that I would want everything to occur the exact same way that it did. To start, I will describe two snapshots at two different phases of my college career: 1. September 2003 (Freshman Year): I had a mustache, for one. I wanted to major in Computer Science and graduate and then start my own software company where I developed video games. At some points, I think I favored my extracurriculars over my problem sets. (Disclaimer: I did always have an interest in bioengineering, but i just didnt know about it as much as I did computer science, so I wanted to be safe and go with something that I knew.) 2. May 2007 (Senior Year): As many of my friends had begun looking for apartments and packing their boxes, I was en route to spend another five years at MIT pursuing a PhD in Biological Engineering. For many this would seem as a very strange plot twist in my biography, and then for some it might not, but I think that one of the things that I appreciate about my MIT experience thus far is that I have been able to carve out my own experience and connect extremely disparate nodes into a path that brought me from point A to point B. For example, Ill draw the following map for you that I think brought me to discovering my passion for bioengineering. As a freshman, I came to MIT with aspirations of becoming UA president and making sweeping changes to undergraduate life. Having come out of high school with experience in student government, I thought this was really what I was supposed to do. So I did. After attending an information session, I had signed up to chair a committee on housing and orientation even though I had only been at MIT for a week. While I had a significant learning curve throughout this experience, I was able to meet a wide array of people from all over campus and begin to gain a better understanding of who the people were that I went to school with. That year, with the announcement of the retirement of our former President, Charles Vest, students were invited to apply to be members of the Student Advisory Group to the Corporation Committee on the Presidency where a group of students from all over campus came together to provide a student opinion on what MITs priorities should be and what type of characteristics we sought in a president. As a freshman I thought that it would be extremely unlikely that I would be invited to participate in such a committee; however, having gained what little experience I had so far with my experience with the UA, I was selected as a member where I finally really met the other student population of graduate students in a context outside of them being my recitation instructor. This experience in itself provided me with a lot more perspective than I had about life at MIT, but it also began to expose me to things about college life that I had not yet begun to consider. As time went on with this committee and I got to know the other students on the committee better, they began to tell me about their own MIT experiences. In parallel with my work on this committee, it also became time for me to select a major, and by this time, I knew that computer science was no longer my intended field because I had realized that I wanted to something more physical that I could connect to biology which was becoming more interesting to me by the minute. Fortunately, through my work on the committee, one of the graduate students there was a graduate student in Biological Engineering and she was able to describe to me about her research and work and she actually helped me find a UROP in her lab my sophomore year. If I had to limit myself to only writing a paragraph about my entire UROP experience at MIT, Id truly have to say that it was really life changing for me because it showed me that science wasnt a passive beast that you encountered only through 20 pound textbooks. It was something that provided as much challenge and growth opportunities as anything else. I really attribute my UROP experience to really allowing me to explore interesting questions about biology as well as explore my own personal passions such that I know where I am now is where I want to be. So as I sit in my theoretical rocking chair on my theoretical porch and look back on four years at MIT heading into another five, its seems quite bizarre that something done on a whim can propagate such unexpected downstream effects. I never won the UA presidencyactually, I lost a campaign for vice president my sophomore year, but I feel as though everything happened the way that it did and I made the most of it. What does this all say about life at MIT? Hmmwell I think what I want to say is that sometimes its very easy to project a very linear path for your life or your experience somewhere and have checkpoints along the way to enable failsafe mechanisms to make sure you end up where you a priori predict your end point. While this works for some, it may not work for others. Im personally beginning to believe that in college and especially at a place like MIT where there exist opportunities you may have never encountered in your life, it might be time to relax a lot of these constraints on what it is you have to do in order to become XX or win YY or move to ZZ. I think its more important to realize that paths can be somewhat erratic and extremely nonlinear, however, still at the end lead you to a place where you can be happy and feel accomplished. I believe that if I held myself to going a certain route that my MIT experience would have been very different. Allowing myself to dynamically readjust to my current environment as the four years progressed allowed me to take advantage of opportunities that I did not know about earlier. Im not saying its easy either because sometimes it either seems like you have no idea where youre headed or that youre presented with so many opportunities that you dont know how to appropriately make the right one, but sometime s its about taking that jump to the other side without knowing exactly what is there. Thats where the excitement is. I realize a lot of college is about learning how not to make mistakes a second time and learning how to take control of your life. So embrace the unknown and ride the roller coaster like you never have before. I promise it will all work out.

School Related Gender Based Violence - 1151 Words

Recent developments: Each child has the privilege to education and the advantages it brings. In the developing world, a training can change a youngster s life and help to break the cycle of poverty. In recent decades, global development efforts have focused on enrolling all children in primary school. Today, the test is to guarantee that kids can stay in school and advantage from a quality education. A major barrier to the achievement of quality education is the existence of gender-based violence in and around schools. School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) refers to acts of sexual, physical or psychological violence inflicted on children in and around schools because of stereotypes and roles or norms attributed to or expected of them because of their sex or gendered identity. It additionally alludes to the contrasts in the between girls’ and boys’ experience of and vulnerabilities to violence. UNESCO The EFA Global Monitoring Report, UNESCO and UNGEI call for: †¢ National governments to incorporate SRGBV prevention, protection and accountability mechanisms into national policies and action plans. †¢ Better research and monitoring so that the prevalence of SRGBV, its impact on children’s education and the risk factors within different countries and contexts can be fully understood. †¢ Teachers, health workers, police, local communities, religious leaders and civil society organisations to work together – at the local and national level – to implement programmes thatShow MoreRelatedQuantitative Article Review: Violence in Schools1158 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Quantitative article review: Violence in schools Quantitative, as opposed to qualitative research is a data-driven exercise in which a population is scientifically analyzed using an experimental and control group: In quantitative research your aim is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. 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Tips and Tricks for Getting Your Students Attention

One of the biggest challenges teachers face is getting and maintaining the attention of their students. Effective teaching requires this skill but it takes time and practice to learn. Whether you are just starting out or have been teaching for decades, attention-getting techniques can be helpful additions to your classroom. Here are 20 attention signals that will get your students listening. 20 Call-and-Responses Try these 20 fun call-and-responses with your students. The part of the teacher is bolded and the part of the students is italicized. One, two. Eyes on you.Eyes. Open. Ears. Listening.Flat tire! Shhhh (the sound of a tire losing air).Hear ye, hear ye! All eyes on the crier!Give me five. (Students raise their hands).Tomato (tuh-may-toe), tomato (tuh-mah-toe). Potato (puh-tay-toe), potato (puh-tah-toe).Peanut butter. (Students say their favorite kind of jelly or jam).Ready to rock? Ready to roll!Are you listening? Yes we are.Marco. Polo. Lets go. Slow mo (students move in slow motion, perhaps toward the carpet)!One fish, two fish. Red fish, blue fish.Break it down. (Students dance around).Hocus pocus. Time to focus.Macaroni and cheese! Everybody freeze (students freeze)!Salami (Stop And Look At Me Immediately)! (Students freeze and look).All set? You bet!Hands on top. That means stop (students place hands on head)!Chicka chicka. Boom boom.If you can hear my voice, clap once/twice/etc. (Students clap).Guitar solo. (Students mime playing guitar). Tips for Getting and Keeping Attention Always practice attention signals. Clearly explain how students are supposed to respond to each one and allow plenty of opportunities to try them out, then find out which ones they most enjoy and stick with those. You should also practice nonverbal strategies with your students so they learn to pay attention to visual cues as well. Let your students have fun with it. Say these cues in silly ways and let your students do the same. Know that they will get crazy when they get to play air guitar or shout, Everybody freeze! The objective of these signals is to get their attention but they also tend to have the added effect of boosting energy. Allow students to let loose momentarily when you call them to attention as long as they still do what they are asked. To keep your students focus once you have it, try some of the following strategies: Design hands-on lessons.Get your students up and moving.Vary participation structures and scenery.Use visuals often.Limit the amount of time you spend talking.Provide opportunities for cooperative learning.Allow your students to regularly share what they think.Play music, relevant videos, and other auditory supplements whenever possible. Expecting students to sit quietly and listen to you for several hours out of every day is not fair. If you find that they desperately need to refocus before you try to engage them in a lesson or activity, try a brain break to let them wiggle it out. Often, it is more productive to allow students some time to be wild than try to prevent them from feeling fidgety or restless.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Strategies Free Essays

string(77) " the emphasis is furthermore not put on the culmination of the activity \(i\." The aim of this study is to explore how both intrinsic (i.e. perceived enjoyment) and extrinsic (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. perceived usefulness) motivations can be use by team leaders to empower and motivate their teams to reach their fullest potential. Numerous theories were scrutinised in order to analyse the two theoretical concepts and their applicability to organisations. The outcome of the research suggested that there is no cohesive strategy, or â€Å"strategic fit† that would apply directly to a specific situation, instead it was conclude that in organisation creative people are motivated from within and respond better to intrinsic rewards than extrinsic ones. INTRODUCTION Since the 21th century, the study of motivation became one of the most complex and fascinating topics in organisational psychology (Muchinsky 1996). The different theories and conceptions about employee motivations and how leaders can use the available literatures to enhance their employee’s performance have been discussed by many researchers (e.g Krueger, 1996, Herzberg, Mausner snyderman 1993). Motivating people at work is a crucial component of organisational behaviors and psychology. Leaders can use motivation to improve the physical and well-being of the organisation and its human capital, as a logical approach to enhance productivity and profitability (Hatch, 2002). Motivation is the inner drive that makes people act in a certain way (Herzberg, 1987), and it goes by the saying that â€Å"a well motivated and satisfied employee performed better than unsatisfied employees†. Work motivation phenomenon The pursuit for higher motivations at all levels of works has seemed treacherous in almost every organisational perspective. The unpredictability of human character and variegated mind-sets in human nature has made this phenomenon a challenging philosophy for every manager and researchers. Theoretical discussions gathered from the generalised conceptions of motivation argued how a team of people in different circumstances can meet with different stimulus; and what are the factors that energizes human behaviors and how these behaviors can be manage or channels to different directions. During the 1930s, Lewin (1938) attempted to analyse some of the factors that affected employees degree of motivation, amongst the divergent set of factors examined, he came up with a suggestion that subject perceptions is the main cause for employees motivation and de-motivations. Studies done by Deci and Ryan (1985a) classify human motivations into two aspects, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The concepts of these two theories (intrinsic and extrinsic motivations) explain in details why a task is carried out and what type of motivational drive causes certain behaviours. The concept of extrinsic and intrinsic The concept of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation is quite problematic simply because the two theories work in opposition (Deci Ryan, 1985a). More straightforwardly expressed, intrinsic motivation is driven by a person’s internal interest and desire to do something, such as curiosity, enjoyment, and sense of challenge. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside a person, such as reward, promotion, or deadline (Amabile, 1997). Extrinsic motivational factors Extrinsic motivational factors refer to the performing of an activity in order to achieve an external goal. Noels (2002) cited Deci Ryan’s (1985a) self-determination theory which suggested that the external goals you strive for vary as to the extent of how much they are in fact self-determined. Extrinsic motivational factors serve mainly through monetary compensation, where wage, bonuses and result sharing are main applicators. When regard as such, an individual employment is merely a tool of satisfying direct or actual need by means of the money it generates (Frey and Osterloh, 2002). Monetary non-monetary motivational factors Non-monetary motivational factors simply refer to symbolic issues such as work promotion, rewards, development training courses, health benefits etc. A leader can use this approach to motivate team members as the need for employee recognitions are crucial. Such rewards can leave a symbolic effect on employees and group solidarity, which may ultimately enhance team performance (Lawler, 1990). Monetary motivation On the other hand, monetary motivational factors have a substantial cost of extrinsic value. A team leader can use salary/pay rise, bonuses or stock options to get people motivated within a team or organisation. Salary According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory (1943) salary increment is a proactive way to motivate employees. Herzberg (1993) believes that salary belongs to hygiene factors and can prevent job dissatisfactions. Lowering salary or salary demotion can significantly de-motivate employee’s enthusiasm. A leader can use salary increments or other forms of monetary rewards as a major strategy to influence employee job satisfaction (Lawler, 1990). Bonuses and commission Many organisations have adopted the means of bonuses and commissions to motivate employees in the organisation so that they could create synergy and reach the organisation goals (Lawler, 1990). It is often used to reach short term goals in order to stimulate the employee to work harder right away. Bonuses and commission are vital strategy especially when calculating people performances and contributions towards the organisation success (Hatch, 2002). Collective individual A collective motivational factor mainly focuses on team performance targets. Leader can use this motivational factor to provide a team with a fair distributive justice; such as equal pays and bonuses. On the contrary, many managers use individual motivational factors to few members of the organisation and contingent on individual performances (Chen et al, 1999). In opposition to those provided to a group these tend to be very differential. Intrinsic Motivational factors Intrinsic motivational factors regarded as the core activities and motivators of job satisfaction. The person performing the task is motivated because he or she enjoys the challenge and is not pushed upon it by external reward or pressure. Intrinsic motivation occurs because it is said to provide satisfaction of inner psychological needs (Frey and Osterloh, 2002). These psychological needs can be divided into three essential aspects from which intrinsic motivation can derive from: Job satisfaction The phenomenon of job satisfaction ultimately derived from the two theories discussed in the above literatures; monetary and non-monetary factors. But more specifically, job satisfaction is more associated job enrichment, achievement, job security, well-being, work values, turnovers, responsibilities and autonomy (Mitchell et al, 2001). When job satisfaction is attained by an individual, the emphasis is furthermore not put on the culmination of the activity (i. You read "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Strategies" in category "Essay examples"e. the completion), but satisfaction is also obtained through the process resulting in the completion (Frey and Osterloh, 2002). Rewards The issue of rewards is one of the most complicated problems when creating a well functioning and motivating team. According to Hatch, (2002) rewards are major tools a leader can used to retain, attract, motivate and satisfy employees. The whole concept and essence of rewards is to improve effectiveness and efficiency. When leaders aligned rewards with the organisational goals, efficiency is enhanced (Stredwick John, 2000). And whiles organisational goals are achieved; it is likely that the employees achieved their own personal goals (Atkinson Anthony A et, al., 1997). It is quit complicating for leaders to rightfully suggest the rewards that would fit each employee within a team simply because people needs change as they enter new stages of their life/career (Hatch, 2002) Personal goals achievement It is not just organisational goals that are the only set targets by employees; people also aligned their own goals along with the organisation goals (Atkinson Anthony A et, al., 1997). Leaders in every works of life must assist and encourage their employees to set achievable personal goals to in order enhance their employees’ potential. Discrepancies and comparisons between the two theories Intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation Since analysts figured that employees are the key success factors to every organisation, different strategies had been outlined on how firms can get the best from their employees. However, there is no cohesive strategy or â€Å"one-fit-all-strategy† that will determine employees’ work motivation. In the late 1990s, Amabile’s (1997) investigates the comparisons and discrepancies between the two theories. Amabile’s research revealed that extrinsic motivation may combine with intrinsic motivation as a synergism instead of an antagonism under three conditions. Firstly, employees must be well devoted or be in a high intrinsic motivated state. A well devoted employee is like a loyal customer, regardless of the financial benefits or attractiveness; it is very unlikely that extrinsic motivation will undermine the intrinsic motivations. Secondly, Amabile tend to be versatile in his theoretical concepts. She suggested that some aspect of extrinsic motivation must adhere to. He cascaded extrinsic motivations into three different components, such as; informational and enabling and referred to them as synergistic motivators, which implies competences or improve performance like rewards, feedback, and recognition that confirm competence or provide information on how to improve work-related performance. And controlling motivator which is a directive approach and can executed when employees are being told on how efficient the work can/could have been done. Contrariwise, intrinsic motivations ignite a powerful inner drive or feelings of contentment that when employees meet their goals or undertaken activities they get total satisfactions. Frey and Osterloh (2002) further expanded the studies of in intrinsic motivations and suggested five critical aspects which intrinsic motivation can derive from. The more complex, challenging and demanding the activity, the more complicating it is to pinpoint the requirements in a hard-and-fast job description, the more crucial intrinsic motivation becomes.† (Frey Osterloh, 2002:21). Frey and Osterloh assumptions are: Firm-Specific Pool Resources Employee actions in an organisation have a tremendous ramification to the firm privies. Such actions may reflect and incorporate the company reputation, relationship with potential clients, corporate culture etc. In such circumstances, a self-centred employee with personal interest within an organisation may profit enormously from the organisation without making any contribution to the pool resources. It is quit difficult for leaders to satisfy or motivate such people; and their influences over other employees may de-motivate or hinder others work performances significantly (Konrad Pfeffer, 1990; Greenberg, 1990). In such case, well devoted employees that are motivated intrinsically will unify and support the firm-specific resource pool (Frey Osterloh, 2002). Multi-Tasking Employees are more intrinsically motivated when they are encouraged to explore and develop their potential, if they can perform multiple tasks within their organisation, (Frey Osterloh, 2002). Such strategy unites employees and open new doors to team spirit. Consequently, the higher complexity and diversity the work signifies, the more imperative the intrinsic motivation becomes (Holmstrom Milgrom, 1991). Fuzzy Tasking Whenever extrinsic compensation materialises, people mostly react unassumingly to the firmtarget goals. People will become unpredictable when they are faced with multiple alternatives and free choice among work targets; it is difficult to get them pursuing the challenging tasks (Frey Osterloh, 2002). The more financial incentives that are introduced to some people, the more effortless they become and they can also easily quantify tasks to facilitate the monetary compensation. Such behaviours are not favourable for a highly competitive company. The Transfer of Tacit Knowledge The transfer of tacit knowledge is one of the most essential elements of the core competence that differentiate a firm from its competitors. People are intrinsically motivated when they possesses more tacit knowledge than explicit knowledge (Polanyi, 1985) as this can enable them to work and support others with the information and knowledge they have. Creativity and Innovation Creativity and innovations can nurture and harness employee’s involvement and motivations significantly. Frey and Osterloh (2002) believed that when people are extrinsically motivated, it reflects a negative effect on the learning curve and the innovation processes. Amabile, (1996, 1998) support the concept and opined that extrinsic motivation can severely pressure employees to produce, since results often are demanded for the compensation to redeem. Left behind is an inaccurate and less meticulous result, which has been affected strongly by a monitored and less creative way of inventing (Amabile, 1996). Conclusion From all the analysis scrutinised above we can see that these two motivational theories are under researched and underexplored as there is no cohesive strategy or â€Å"strategic fit† that is directly applicable to a specific circumstances. The theoretical conceptions about these theories argued above; point out that employees are motivated when they are driven by either internal or external interest, or desire to do something. Hence human wants and mind-sets are variegated as they enter new stage of their life/career; it will remain a challenge for managers and researchers alike, to strategize the right rewards strategy that will applicable to all employees. However, from the analysis we can see that not all employees are intrinsically motivation, but creative people can seem to be more motivated from within and respond much better to intrinsic rewards that extrinsic ones. Depends on organisational specific; it is advisable that a team leader assess individual employees rewards needs and evaluate what strategies applicable for the team. How to cite Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Strategies, Essay examples

Hamlet Ap Rhetorical Analysis free essay sample

Gladness purpose is to convince the general population that social media is not as dang errors to the status quo as many people are lead to believe. He creates a persuasive tone i n order to convince his readers that social media is not an an adequately effective tool in organizing social or political activism. Caldwell begins with the Greensboro satins, leaving the reader with a sense of pride that such radical events took place without the use of so Coal media. Caldwell begins his search of the social media by acknowledging many exam pleas of protests, and observes that in the absence of social media, the protests tend to be strop anger, more organized, and the people participating have stronger emotional bonds and investments. He explains to the audience by a large network based upon consensus instead of research, and argues that many activist movements have not succeeded when lacking a cent trial authority and hierarchy. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Ap Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The outpouring of his intelligence he is able to gain trust and c irreducibility the readers to better persuade them of his argument. Caldwell deconstructs online protest and social activism, basically saying Two teeters and Bookmakers are engaged in the sense of a sacrifice made for social change. He refers to saying social media helps us organize differently , in ways that may not lead t o drastic change. The use of pathos he uses almost condemns people that contradict h IM to a loss of pride. The use of language he employs forces the audience to acknowledge hi s influence Of the knowledge he has. Caldwell inserts many examples of protests, and observes the absence of so Coal media in these events. He also implies some historic examples of activism, and determine ones the in. Reek ties related to social media and online acquaintances Seldom lead to high RI ski activism. Caldwell builds an argument that social media is not an adequate to 01 in large scale activism.

TSA Screening Is Essential

Improving Customer Service Essays

Improving Customer Service Essays Improving Customer Service Essay Improving Customer Service Essay An additional method in which Disneyland Paris helps to maintain high levels of customers is by focusing of queues is by providing customers who have not purchased a fast pass with entertainment, therefore making the queuing part of the Disneyland experience. Disneyland Paris also has to maintain the good corporate image of the Disneyland Company as a whole; Disneyland is known for charm in its welcome, efficiency and cleanliness. These standards are being followed by Disneyland Paris. Part of the Disneyland image also comes from communication systems; all cast members are encouraged to communicate with customers whenever possible. Each special customer group has a team, which deals directly with their needs, for example, groups, conventions, school parties, special needs, etc. All cast members are trained to communicate with positive body language and with a smile on their face or in terms of the telephone with their voice. This will help customers feel welcomed and comfortable around cast members, thus, increase customer satisfaction and in turn the high quality of customer service will be maintained. As all cast members are trained to a high standard, they are also all given a handbook on all aspects of the complex, so any cast member should be able to give sales assistance and advice. It is important in customer care that consideration is given to all budgets. At both shops and restaurants you will find a wide variation in prices to meet every pocket. This will help to increase and maintain Disneylands high level of customer service as it will give customers a wide variety of quality and prices to choose from which in turn, will make customers feel valued and have all their needs catered for, this consequently, will increase customer satisfaction. The analysis of customer service quality is of major importance to Disneyland Paris. Therefore, each year Disneyland creates a full appraisal which involves all aspects of the organisation. Disneyland Paris is a labour intensive organisation and therefore assessment of employees is a major part of any appraisal but equally important are aspects such as VFM, maintaining safety, and maintaining the magic. This would consequently be important when maintaining a high standard of customer service as if cast members knew what they had achieved and been given goals and targets to achieve they would be better motivated and in turn would provide a high level of customer service as they would have some purpose at Disneyland. In personnel terms points to consider would be reliability of service, consistency of service, staffing levels, provision for individual and special needs and qualities of the staff. Customer care is therefore at forefront of all the operations of Disneyland Paris, from th e development of new attractions and services to the individual attention to detail and specific adaptations and facilities for guests with special needs. It would also be vital to the success of Disneyland Paris that they monitor the high quality of customer service they provide. In order to achieve this Disneyland carries out a number of methods to monitor customer service. The first an only method in which Disneyland Paris can monitor customer service is by; gathering information from customers about the level of customer service in which had been provided. In order to achieve this and gain this vital information they ask customers to fill out a short questionnaire at the end of their holiday to evaluate their stay in the Disneyland Resort. From this information Disneyland Paris can evaluate what customers on a whole feel and identify areas which they need to improve and which areas they need to maintain. This will successfully monitor the level of customer service provided and help to increase and maintain a high standard of customer service. Improving Customer Service After analysing this information about how Disneyland Paris monitor and maintain customer service I have concluded some possible suggestions as to how the current procedures can be changed or altered. Firstly, I have identified that Disneyland Paris could improve the customer service through providing high achieving staff with either bonuses to pay or a range of fringe benefits. These fringe benefits may include a good pension plan or reduced health care. I have identified that as Disneyland are short of money, these are fairly low cost bonuses for cast members to receive, however, these bonuses will help to increase the motivation of cast members as they will feel like a valued member of the team and will generate high satisfaction once these goals and targets have been met, thus, providing and maintaining the high standard of customer service Disneyland offers. I have also identified that Disneyland could implement a new method of monitoring the level of customer service provided in and around the Disneyland Resort. I believe that Disneyland should introduce regular staff meetings in order to discus how cast members feel the level of customer service could potentially be hindered and set in place methods to ensure these problems do not arise and affect the level of customer service which Disneyland provide. This would be the case as cast members who do the job day-in day-out would be able to spot things which managers higher up may not spot. This would also lead to cast members feeling more valued as they are helping the success of Disneyland Paris as a company not just working for them. As cast members would feel more valued this would lead to an increase in motivated for cast members and in turn would lead to an increase in customer service, thus, maintaining the level of customer service.

Research/Source analysis task on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Research Paper

/Source analysis task on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Agriculture - Research Paper Example Presently advanced crop technology is being assisted majorly by genetic engineering. Reference: Discovering Biology by Michael Meaney - Mentor Publications http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Genetic_engineering 2. What are some genetic engineering techniques used in agriculture? The simplest and natural technique of genetic engineering is cross breeding. It has been in practice since ancient times. Some of the modern techniques used in agriculture are as follows: The bacterium method: Plants naturally contain a transformation mechanism in the form of a bacterium. In this mechanism the contact of this bacterium with a cell results in its integration into the chromosomes. Scientist exploit this natural tendency to create resistances like antibiotics. This is done by replacing the acting plasmid of bacterium with a marker gene. The gene gun method: This method does not depend on the natural working of bacterium. The DNA is introduced into the cell by DNA coated micro sized bullets . This method is used commonly since several years and its is found to be applicable over all species of crops virtually. Over the last several years, use of the "gene gun" has become a very common method to transform plants, and has been shown to be applicable to virtually all species investigated. For example, transformation of rice by this method is now routine. This is a very important development as rice is the most important crop in the world in terms of the number of people critically dependent on it for a major part of their diet. The electroporation: In this method the DNA is introduced inside the cell through the holes punctured by a jolt of electricity in protoplasts. This method is not very popular. Reference(s): http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/geneng.html. 3. What are some of the aims of using GMOs in agriculture? Some of the main aims of applying the GMOs in agriculture are increase in the volume of crops to fight the food crisis in the world (the high yielding genetically modified seeds are largely in use to serve the purpose), the improvement in the nutritional value of crops by introducing new genetically engineered varieties, curbing and reducing the use of pesticides by producing disease resistant safe crops. Additional aims include the preservation of environment by saving the water supplies from pesticides and by allowing the beneficial biological growths. References: http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm 4. What are some crops to which genetic engineering techniques have been applied and what techniques have been applied to these crops? The gene gun method has proved to be highly useful in generation of genetically improved corn and rice. The induced mutation or bacterium method greatly assists in the introduction and production of several genetically engineered crops like banana, sugar cane, barley and wheat etc. There are 2300 officially released genetically engineered crop varieties listed in the da tabase maintained by FAO/IAEA. References: http://www-infocris.iaea.org/MVD http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/geneng.html. 5. How widespread and economically important has the use of GMOs on agriculture been up to the present? GMOs are used extensively all around the world. Their widespread use can be assessed by the fact that the ‘

Imagine you are a business owner; discuss debt financing, types of Assignment

Imagine you are a business owner; discuss debt financing, types of risk, beta, and investments - Assignment Example This would give you a better idea to stock only as much as you would need. For a small business the ratios can do wonders as it utilizes current cash flows to determine how much cash would be flowing in the future. Most importantly for a small business like mine the financial ratios help to identify the weaknesses and the strengths of the business. This way the retailer can have a better understanding on how to play his cards in order to make his business flourish. A few ratios that tend to be important to a small business would be income ratios, liquidity ratios, and profitability ratios. Though what seems important for a small business enterprise will not be as important for a larger business enterprise. Thus larger business corporations have to consider retailers and wholesalers, for them it’s the ratio is of total assets and total liabilities. They have manufactures and a number of other liabilities and ratios that need to be accounted for while the workings of a small business are fairly simple. Another important factor in managing small businesses that is debt financing. Most small businesses do not require large investments and so they use debt financing. Debt financing is all about taking a loan from the bank to finance the newly found business practice. Debt financing surely has its upsides and downsides. We shall discuss the upside first; debt financing allows you to have full control over your business practices unlike having a partner. Another one would be the tax benefits involved (Bragg, 2011). Another important factor would be that the amount due is fixed and so can be managed over the months’ time because it is easier to generate the amount with a target in mind. Last but not least no amount of profit generated is up for sharing. Where theres an upside theyre bound to be a downside as well. The debt financing brings along with the

Mark Ratners Concepts of Molecular Electronics

Mark Ratners Concepts of Molecular Electronics Mark Ratner  and  The Basis of the Future: Molecular Electronics Levent BahadÄ ±rhan KarakuÃ…Å ¸ 2. Introduction Mark Ratner, He is professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University. He studies the theory of fundamental chemical processes related to nanoscale application. Ratner is a member of the Internatioanal Academy of Quantum Molecular Science also, His lectures subjects were â€Å"Transport in molecular Junctions†and â€Å"Nano and Energy† at Stanfort University at 2009. I choose Mark Ratner because, Topic of Nano technology and energy generation are important on the sustainable energy. High capaticy batteries, high technology solar cells, etc. besides; new tech-power plants or storages These topics to be studied for me. In short, Quantum mechanics and Nano technology are always interested me[20]. 2.1. Education He graduated from Harvard University department of chemistry at 1964. Then, He started Ph.D. in chemistry from Nortwestern University and working with G. Ludwig hofaker. Ratner first lecture chemistry at New York University from 1970 until 1974[20] 2.2. Career Development He worked may extended period of time in israel and he worked with lots of scientists, including form Tel Aviv University and University of Jesursalem. Also Rater works international association, particularly in Netherlands and Denmark[20] 3. Fields 3.1 Molecular Electronics (Primary field) Molecular electronics increased interest in as of late, induced spawning by information technology may reach it computability limits in a several years. [1-2]. In order to molecular electronics to become a valued alternative to silicon researces, It will not be enough to generated molecular electronic devices with distinguished characteristics, but proper circuit and architectural solution will be needed. When lots of effort has given to the demonstration of electronic functionalities of one molecules and organic filmsi research at the circuit and system level is still in its beginning[5-9]. Investigation on single molecules or nanotube based devices prospect to keep Moore’s law alive once miniaturisation of silicon-based structures becomes useless. As first proposed by Aviram and Ratner [10]. One can imagine to squeeze whole nonlinear circuit elements such as transistors or diodes into single molecules. In principle, suchlike devices could be importantly faster and smaller th an end of the routemap solid state electron devices[11]. 3.1.1 Why molecular electronics? Intrinsically entire electronic processes in nature, from photosynthesis to signal transduction, occur in molecular structures. For electronic epplications, molecular structure have four major advantages: Size: The size scale of molecules is between 1 and 100nm, a scale that permits functional nano-structures with attendant advantages in efficiency, cost and power dissipation. Assembly and recognition: One can exploit secific internolcular interaction to from structures with nano-scale self assembly. Molecular recognition can be used to chance electronic attitutde, providing both swithing and sensing capabilities on the one molecule scale. Dynamical stereochemistry: lots of molecules gave multiple distinct stable conformations or isomers. Such geometric isomers can gave distinct optical and electronic properties. For instance, the retinal one switches between more than one stable structures, a process that transduces light into a chemoelectrical pulse and allows vision. Synthetic tailorability: with choice of character and geometry, ona can extensively vary a transport of the molecule, binding, structural and optical properties. The instrument of molecular synthesis are extremely developed.[12] [http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/reports/reportpdf/report52.pdf] 3.1.2 Electrode The molecule electrode interface is a severely significant component of a molecular junction. It might limit current flow or completely modify the measured electrical response of the junction. Lots of experimental platforms for constructiong molecular electronic devices are founded on practical comsideration. This approach is in numerous ways the boon and the disaster of the field. For instance, the sulfur gold bond is a fabulous chemical hangle for forming self assembled, forceful organic monolayers on metal surfaces. Other technics such as using a scanning probe tip a cÄ ±ntact the molecule are frequently employed in part. Becuse that avoid processing steps that can damage or unexpecteably modify the molecular component. Optimally the couice of electrode materials would be based not on the easy of production or measurement, but rather on first principles considerations of molecule electrode interactions. On the other hand, in state of the art for the theory of molecule electrode interfaces is very elemantary. [http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/reports/reportpdf/report52.pdf] 3.1.3 DNA Consider a protein that spans a cell membrane and shuttles information across that membrane. The protein self assembles and self orients in the membrane; it also might switch between two forms, only one of that will transmit the chemicalsignal. Proteins are big molecues and indeed a specific molecular size is required to achieve such a rich combination of properties. The rotaxane molecule shown large and comples, but it is indeed efficiently and small designed, given the set of mechanical, chemical, and electronic properties that have been built into it[16]. Quite likely, transport in DNA junctions will show that the molecule or at least naturally occuring DNA is actually a wide bandgap semiconductor characterized by localized hole hopping between the low energy guanine cytosine pairs. Also guanin yields the most stable positive ion. Because the band gap is wide, DNA seems colourless and long range coherent charge motion is improbable[17]. 3.1.4 Circuit Architecture The potential of chemical synthesis to design specific and maybe even useful device behaviors is rapidly being realised. The following question, what sorts of circuit architectures can most take advantage of molecular electronics, is nowadays receiving rather a bit of attention both from computer scientists and from researchers; progress towerd indentifying and constructing working molecular electronics circutry has advanced fastly[13]. 3.1.5 The Future The primary challenges of realizing a true molecular electronics technology are wintry. Controlled fabriaction to within specified tolerances and its expermental verification is a exclusive problem. Self assembly schemes based on molecular recognition will be viral for that work. Absolutely reproducible measurments of junction conductance are only beginning in laboratories at Cornell, Harvard, Delft, Purdue and karlsruhe Universities and at the Naval research laboratory and same centers. A lot of the technology targets of molecular electronics, such as the computational applications duscussed, should perhaps be viewed as drivers for steering the field forward and for defining the critical and rate limiting challenges that must be overcome[14]. 3.2 Electron transport in molecular wire junctions Molecular conductance junction are structures in that unimolecules or minor groups of molecules conduct electrical current between one than one electrodes In such junctions, the linkage between the molecule and the electrodes very affects the current boltage characteristics. Considering theoretical and several experimental advances, including the understanding of basic systems, there is still limited correspondence between theoretical and experimental studies of these systems[18]. 3.3 Mesoscopic features of charge Generation in organic semiconductors Over the past twenty years, organic materials gave been extremly investigated by countless research groups for implementation in organic photo voltaic(OPV) devices. The organic semi conductors is protrusive by their potential low cost and facile tunability, making organic photovoltaic devices a knowledfe gap in our common understanding of materials, so boyh the time scale and lenght scale (fento to microsecond and nano to micrometer) proper to OPV functionality occupy a challenging a impressive space between the traditional regimes of quantum mechanics and solid state physics[19]. 4. Conclusion Ratner lead up lots of field, research centre and laboratories foremost; International Business Machines (IBM) and The defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Also, He described his experiences as an organizing member; a member of the board of directors and being on steering and selectrion committee. The significance of gaving a staff at research centre and proposal some thoughts on the future nanotechnology. Once for all, Ratner have a part in many today’s technology References [1] J. R. Heath and M. A. Ratner, Physics Today 56, 43 (2003) [2] J. R. Reimers, C. A. Picconnatto, J. C. Ellenbogen, and R. Shashidhar (eds.), Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1006 (2003) [5] J. R. Heath, P. J. Kuekes, G. S. Snider and R. S. Williams, Science 280, 1716 (1998) [6] Y. Wada, Proc. IEEE 89, 8 (2001) [7] J. M. Tour, W. L. Zandt, C. P. Husband, S. M. Husband, L. S. Wilson, P. D. Franzon and D. P. Nackashi, IEEE Trans. Nanotech, 1, 2 (2002) [8] M. Macucci, G. Iannacone, L. Bonci and M. Girlanda, IEE Proc. Circuits Devices Syst. 151, 5 (2004) [9] A. Chaudhary, D. Z. Chen, X. S. Hu, M. T. Niemeier, R. Ravichandran and K. Whitton, IEEE Trans Comp. Aided Des. Int. Cir. Sys. 26, 11 (2007) [10] A. Aviram and M. A. Ratner, Chem. Phys. Lett., 29, 277 (1974) [11] J. C. Ellenbogen and J. C. Love, Proceedings IEEE 88 (3), 386 (2000) [12] Thomas Bjà ¸rnholm References:Tue Hassenkam, Kasper Moth-oulsen, Nicolai Stuhr-Hansen, Kasper Nà ¸rgaard, M. S. Kabir, and Thomas Bjà ¸rnholm. Self-Assembly and Conductive Properties of Molecularly Linked Gold Nanowires. Nano Letters, 4 (1), 19 -22, 2004. [13]. A. J. Heinrich et al., Science 298, 1381 (2002). [13] A. Bachtold, P. Hadley, T. Nakanishi, C. Dekker, Science 294, 1317 (2001); Y. Huang, Science 294, 1313 (2001); P. Avouris et al., Physica B 323, 6 (2002); Y. Chen et al., Nanotechnology 14, 462 (2003). [14] A. DeHon, in Proc. First Workshop on Non-Silicon Computation, available at http://www.cs.caltech.edu/research/ic/ pdf/molecular_nsc2002.pdf [15] P. J. Kuekes, R. S. Williams, â€Å"Demultiplexer for a Molecular Wire Crossbar Network,† US Patent 6,256,767 (3 July 2001) [16] A. J. Heinrich et al., Science 298, 1381 (2002). [17] D. Porath, A. Bezryadin, S. de Vries, C. Dekker, Nature 403, 635 (2000). [18] Nitzan, A, Ratner, M 2003, Electron Transport in Molecular Wire Junctions, Science, 5624, p. 1384, JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 May 2015. [19] Savoie, B, Jackson, N, Chen, L, Marks, T, Ratner, M 2014, Mesoscopic features of charge generation in organic semiconductors, Accounts Of Chemical Research, 47, 11, p. 3385-3394, Scopus ®, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 May 2015. [20] Cao, M, Deng, L, Xu, H 2015, Study of PNA-DNA hybridization by AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy, Colloids And Surfaces A: Physicochemical And Engineering Aspects, 470, p. 46-51, Scopus ®, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 May 2015.

Threatening Forces

Threatening forces are every where we look in life. Almost anything could be considered a threat in today s society. The poem by James Joyce, I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, contains evidence of a threatening force. The threatening force in this poem is punk rock kids at a punk rock show. Threatening forces are very apparent in this poem. A prime example of one is when he says Arrogant, in black armor. He is talking about kids in leather jackets. It is there way of proving they are punk and it looks threatening. Seeing people in leather jackets is scary, especially when society has trained us to think that black is a sign of. We have been trained to think that anything that stands out is scary and people in black leather jackets stick out like a sore thumb. Obviously, when James Joyce says in black armor, it is a threatening force of punk rock. Punk rock is a very firm theme of this poem that is supposed to be menacing. This is established when it says, Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an anvil. This is saying how he feels that the chains that the kids wear are frightening. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is intimidating. When people who wear chains run the often make a loud noise and if you wear more than one, which most people do, it makes an extremely loud noise which can be demoralizing. Clearly, the sound of the chains clanging together is a threatening sound. The people who listen to punk rock music are a reoccurring theme of peril. The threatening force of punk rock is extravagant when James Joyce says; They come out of the sea and run shouting by the shore. This is talking about them after a concert and how they are rowdy. Them coming out of the sea is when they come out of the mosh pit, out of the sea of people. After this they are often rowdy with the little energy they have left over. They are talking loudly because their hearing was just blasted by the loud music. People who are in a really good mood and acting a bit rowdy are often seemed to be dangerous especially if they are yelling. Evidently, punks after a concert are considered a threatening force to society. The poem, I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, is about the threat that punk rock supposedly puts on our society. Society is chained to its belief that anything different is threatening. Even though most of these people are not the least bit scary. It is hard to believe that, when the leaders of society, like the police, are always blaming the problem of on these types of people. Is punk rock really a threatening force in society or just a way that we have been brain washed to fear change and difference?

Individual Lesson Plan: Life Cycle of a Butterfly Essay

Introduction: In this lesson, 2nd grade students will participate in a class on the life cycle of a butterfly. Students will learn standards-aligned science concepts and also benefit from cross-curricular instruction, through the incorporation of reading, writing, and hands-on activities. These modalities will be used to help students understand the concept of the life cycle and make real-life connections to the human life cycle. The lesson will last for approximately forty-five minutes. The lesson will be taught within a small suburban school of approximately 650 students, ranging from kindergarten to 5th grade. The school currently is receiving Title 1 funds, with 70% of its students on free or reduced breakfast and lunch. The school is currently in good standing and has met AYP for the past two years. There are a total of 20 students in the class, which displays the following demographics: 50% Caucasian, 20% African-American, 20% Hispanic and 10% Asian. The class distribution includes 12 boys and 8 girls, and a total of 5 ELLs. Two students have an active IEP, and five students have been identified as gifted and talented. The language level of the students is classified as the elementary or intermediate level of English language proficiency. Description of Lesson: Lesson: Butterfly Life Cycle Time Allotment: This lesson will be taught in one forty-five minute class period. Content Objectives: By the completion of this lesson students will meet two objectives. Students will be able to identify the four life cycle stages of a butterfly. Also, all students will be able to list the stages of the butterfly life cycle in order. Language Objectives: The second grade students will also meet two language objectives by the end of this lesson. Students will identify the Greek roots of certain vocabulary words. Students will also define the term â€Å"compound words†. State Standards: The student will investigate and understand that plants and animals undergo a series of orderly changes as they mature and grow. (Grade two content science standards, 2007). Key Vocabulary: In this lesson students will become familiar with a variety of key vocabulary words to include the following: Oval egg, caterpillar, larva, metamorphosis, chrysalis, pupa, imago, forewing, wingtip, hindwing, margin, abdomen, thorax, proboscis, antennae, and wing base. Materials: Students will use several materials in order to complete this lesson, which are listed as the following: paper bag, small plastic representations of butterfly stages to put in paper bag, KWL graphic organizer, computer stations with internet access for ESL students, clay, utensils to carve into clay, Greek root/compound word identification assessment sheet, life cycle stage and body part labeling assessment sheet. SIOP Features: This lesson will utilize the following SIOP features: ————————————————- SIOP Features: ————————————————- PreparationScaffoldingGrouping Options ————————————————- ___ Adaptation of Content_X_ ModelingX Whole Class ————————————————- _X_ Links to Background___ Guided practice___ Small Group ————————————————- _X_Links to Past Learning___ Independent PracticeX Partners ————————————————- ___ Strategies Incorporated_X_ Comprehensible Input___ Independent ————————————————- ————————————————- This lesson begins by drawing on information students have recently learned in previous lessons about shapes and textures as well as student background knowledge about butterflies, the focus of this lesson. Before the students arrive in the classroom, the teacher will place small plastic representations of butterflies in a paper bag; a total of 4 models representing the four life stages of butterflies will be placed in the bag. When the students arrive, the instructor should begin with the following exercise, which is designed to capture student interest and highlight key vocabulary words in a â€Å"kid-friendly† manner in order to increase comprehensible input. The instructor should close the bag and shake it, after which students should take turns putting their hands in the bag to feel the models. The teacher should ask the students to describe the shape and texture of what they feel, offering the options of â€Å"square†, â€Å"oval†, triangular†, â€Å"rod-shaped†, â€Å"smooth†, â€Å"rough†, and â€Å"fuzzy†, for example. The teacher should remind the students of the definitions of these words and ask the students to guess what they are feeling in the bag, writing all the guesses on the board. Once all students have had a turn, the instructor will reveal the models and explain that they represent the different life stages of a butterfly, emphasizing how the organism takes on different forms and textures depending on the stage it is in. The instructor will then engage the students in a 3-minute whole class discussion about their experience with butterflies, after which he should present the content and language objectives for this lesson. Lesson Focus: The teacher will present a KWL graphic organizer on the white board, explain that it will be used to help understand the literature on butterflies that they will soon read, and then model how it should be completed, using the teacher’s own background knowledge about butterflies. The sample graphic organizer should remain on the board to be used as a reference while students complete their own sheets. Guided Practice: The teacher will lead the class to the computer lab, KWL charts in hand, and pair students in heterogeneous strong language/low language couples before instructing them to log onto the www.kidsbutterfly.org website. The instructor should walk around the room, observing student progress and giving extra help to pairs with ELL’s who might be struggling to gain understanding from the website or completing the KWL chart. ELL students who seem to be having great difficulty reading should be shown how to read the literature in their native language if it is one of the options. After the reading, students will return to the classroom where the teacher will lead a grand discussion on the vocabulary words that students encountered, giving a mini-lesson on compound words when reviewing the terms â€Å"wingtip†, â€Å"hindwing†, and â€Å"forewing† and a mini-lesson on words with Greek roots and their root definitions when reviewing the terms â€Å"metamorphosis† and â€Å"chrysalis.† For the purpose of engaging ELL students whose native language is Latin-based, the teacher should explain how many English cognates, alternatives to more colloquial terms, are very similar to the counterparts in the ELL’s first language, giving the example of the word â€Å"calculate† as opposed to the term â€Å"figure out†. Independent Practice: The teacher will explain that the class will now do individual projects involving the creation of butterfly models. The teacher should show completed clay models of the four stages of a butterfly life cycle and then demonstrate, using new clay and carving utensils, how to create a butterfly in its final stage so students understand the desired size and extent of detail. The instructor should then post pictures of the butterfly stages on a readily visible board and distribute the materials to students (clay and carving utensils). The teacher will then walk through the room, aiding students as necessary in the creation of their models. Review/Assessment: After creating the models, the students will be assessed to determine if they have achieved the content and language objectives. Individually, the students will complete a multiple choice test assessing their ability to identify compound words and the definition of â€Å"metamorphosis† and â€Å"chrysalis† as well as a sheet on which the student will be required to label the life cycle stages and the body parts of a butterfly. Students should spend no more than 10 minutes on both assessments, but ESL’s will be given an extra five minutes to complete them. Students will receive a percentage score on both assessments and must receive at least an 85% on either test to demonstrate mastery of the material. Conclusion: At the conclusion of this lesson, students will be able to identify the various stages of the life cycles of a butterfly. Students will also understand that all living things have a life cycle, and specific attributes of the life cycle stages vary from one species to the next. This lesson utilizes not only content-based instruction but also sheltered instruction, which helps to promote English language proficiency, in part by rendering the information being presented more readily comprehensible. It is designed to educate English language learners, as well as the general student population. According to Echevarria, Vogt, and Short (2008), â€Å"ELLs must pull together their emerging knowledge of the English language with the content knowledge they are studying in order to complete the academic task† (p. 6). Throughout the lesson, students will learn science concepts and also benefit from cross-curricular instruction through the incorporation of reading and writing into the lesson. As an extension activity, students will take a field trip to the Museum of Science, where they will be able to see the similarities and differences between various species’ life cycles, including egg development, plant growth, and metamorphosis. Students will then participate in a post-test life cycle activity, to reinforce learned concepts, and address any gaps in comprehension. References Common Wealth of Virginia Board of Education. (n.d.). English standards of learning. Retrieved from http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/english/stdsk-8/stds_english2.pdf Commonwealth of Virginia Board of Education. (2003). Science standards of learning curriculum framework . Retrieved from http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/frameworks/science_framewks/framework_science2.pdf Echevarria, J., Vogt, M., & Short, D. (2008). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP ® model (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. The Children’s Butterfly Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.kidsbutterfly.org/

The Debate of Banning Smoking in Public Places Essays

The Debate of Banning Smoking in Public Places â€Å"There is no difference between a smoker and a suicide, only that one takes longer to kill themselves than the other†. Everyone has their rights, and if you want to smoke or not should be your choice because you are doing the damage to your own body. But if it’s supposed to be your choice and every gets their own choice then when you smoke in public places or wherever anyone is around you, you are making that choice for them and damaging their body not just yours. Is this unfair? Throughout this essay I will discuss the pros and cons of smoking and smoking in public places and discuss how smoking affects you and others around you. Most people†¦show more content†¦Also a great deal of smoker complain of ‘smokers cough’. This is due to our bodies way of trying to get rid of the tar that has settled in the bronchial tubes, by producing extra mucus to clean the lungs. 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